Cut 1 ½ pounds pork shoulder into 1 inch (2-3 cm) cubes. Season with 1 ½ teaspoons salt and ¼ teaspoon ground black pepper.
Peel and finely chop 3 medium onions. Peel and mince 3 cloves garlic.
Heat the lard in a large, deep saucepan and fry the meat in it. If it releases its juices, that is fine. Let it simmer and wait until the meat cubes develop a golden crust on all sides. Remember to stir the meat. Once the pork is golden brown, remove it from the pan and set it aside.
In the same fat, sauté the onion over medium heat. If the onions start to stick to the bottom of the pan, add a tablespoon of water to loosen them. The onions should be sautéed within five minutes.
Return the meat to the fried onions, add 1 teaspoon caraway seeds, minced garlic, 1 Tablespoon sweet paprika powder, and 1 Tablespoon tomato paste. Stir and sauté for a minute (do not stop stirring).
Cover the meat with water until it's about ¾ submerged. Bring it to a boil, then reduce the heat to low. Cover with a lid and simmer for just under an hour. The meat should be almost tender; you can test it with a fork.
Remove the lid and check the water level. If necessary, add some water until the meat is almost submerged. Stir, then bring to a boil.
Dust the surface of the goulash with all-purpose flour using a sieve. Do not stir! Cover with a lid and let the flour steam over low heat for 15 minutes.
Remove the lid, stir the goulash, and add salt to taste. And we are done!